Understanding the Different Types of Colorectal Surgery Procedures

 

Colorectal surgery is a specialized field of medicine that deals with disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus. These procedures are crucial in treating various conditions, from colorectal cancer to inflammatory bowel diseases. In this blog by one of the best colorectal surgeons in Surat, Dr Dhaval Mangukiya, we will get comprehensive guidance about different types of colorectal surgery procedures, helping you understand what each entails and when they might be necessary.

1. Colectomy

A colectomy is a surgical procedure that involves removing all or part of the colon. There are several types of colectomies:

a) Total Colectomy: Removal of the entire colon.

b) Partial Colectomy: Removal of a portion of the colon.

c) Hemicolectomy: Removal of either the right or left side of the colon.

Colectomies are often performed to treat colon cancer, severe cases of inflammatory bowel disease, or recurrent diverticulitis. The procedure can be done through open surgery or laparoscopically, depending on the patient’s condition and the surgeon’s recommendation.

2. Low Anterior Resection (LAR)

Low Anterior Resection is a procedure primarily used to treat rectal cancer. It involves removing the diseased portion of the rectum along with surrounding lymph nodes. The remaining healthy bowel is then reconnected to allow for normal bowel function. In some cases, a temporary ileostomy may be created to allow the anastomosis (connection) to heal properly.

3. Abdominoperineal Resection (APR)

According to Dr Dhaval Mangukiya, one of the best gastrointestinal surgeons in Surat, this procedure is performed for low rectal cancers or anal cancers that are too close to the anus to allow for a LAR. During an APR, the surgeon removes the rectum, anus, and part of the sigmoid colon. Because the anus is removed, a permanent colostomy is created to allow waste to leave the body.

4. Proctocolectomy

A proctocolectomy involves the removal of both the colon and rectum. This procedure is often necessary for patients with severe ulcerative colitis or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). There are two main types of proctocolectomy:

a) Total Proctocolectomy with Ileostomy: The entire colon and rectum are removed, and a permanent ileostomy is created.

b) Total Proctocolectomy with Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis (IPAA): After removing the colon and rectum, a pouch is created from the small intestine and connected to the anus, allowing for more normal bowel function.

5. Strictureplasty

This procedure is used to treat strictures (narrowing) in the intestine, often caused by Crohn’s disease. Instead of removing the affected portion, the surgeon widens the narrowed area. This helps preserve intestinal length, which is crucial for nutrient absorption.

6. Haemorrhoidectomy

A haemorrhoidectomy is the surgical removal of haemorrhoids, which are swollen veins in the lower rectum and anus. The best laparoscopic surgeons in Surat perform this procedure only in severe cases that don’t respond to more conservative treatments. There are several techniques, including conventional excision, stapled haemorrhoidopexy, and haemorrhoidal artery ligation.

7. Rectopexy

Rectopexy is a procedure used to treat rectal prolapse, a condition where the rectum protrudes from the anus. The surgery involves pulling the rectum back into place and securing it to the sacrum (lower back bone). This can be done through open surgery or laparoscopically.

8. Fistulotomy

A fistulotomy is performed to treat anal fistulas, which are abnormal connections between the anal canal and the skin near the anus. The procedure involves opening the fistula tract, cleaning it out, and leaving it open to heal from the inside out.

9. Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery (TEM)

TEM is a minimally invasive technique used to remove early-stage rectal tumours or polyps that are too large to be removed during a colonoscopy. The procedure is performed through the anus using specialized instruments, avoiding the need for abdominal incisions.

10. Ostomy Surgeries

Ostomy surgeries involve creating an opening (stoma) in the abdominal wall to allow waste to leave the body. According to the best stomach surgeons in Surat, there are several types:

a) Colostomy: An opening connected to the colon.

b) Ileostomy: An opening connected to the small intestine.

c) Urostomy: An opening for urine diversion (though not strictly a colorectal procedure, it’s sometimes performed alongside colorectal surgeries).

Ostomies can be temporary or permanent, depending on the underlying condition and the specific surgery performed.

Conclusion

Colorectal surgery encompasses a wide range of procedures, each designed to address specific conditions affecting the colon, rectum, and anus. From cancer treatment to managing inflammatory bowel diseases and correcting structural issues, these surgeries play a vital role in maintaining colorectal health.

If you’re facing the prospect of colorectal surgery, it’s essential to have open and detailed discussions with your healthcare team. Understanding the procedure, its potential risks and benefits, and what to expect during recovery can help alleviate anxiety and contribute to better outcomes.

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